• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method and apparatus for thermally toughening glass in which a hot glass article is quenched in a gas-fluidized bed of particulate material. A plurality of streams of particles are generated and are projected into the fluidized bed towards the glass immersed in the bed in order to enhance the heat transfer away from the surfaces of the article in the toughening process.
    公开号:SU1232142A3
    申请号:SU833546747
    申请日:1983-01-31
    公开日:1986-05-15
    发明作者:Джеймс Ригби Малькольм；Вард Питер；Марч Брайан
    申请人:Пилкингтон Бразерз П.Л.С. (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the glass industry, in particular to the technology and equipment for the production of hardened glass.
    The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of glass.
    Example 1. As a granular material take jf-alumina with the following properties; particle density (bulk density) 1.83 g / cm particle size 20-140 microns, average particle size 60 microns.
    Several sheets of glass of various thicknesses are heated before and then subjected to hardening by a stream of aluminum oxide in the following areas:
    Pressure of air supplied to pipes 49, MPa Jet velocity at the outlet of copels, m / s. Mass flow from each nozzle, g / s. Relative volume of voids in each jet. The degree of strengthening of glass sheets 1.1-12 mm thick is presented in
    tab. one..
    Table 1
    0.172 1.88 10.1 0.602
    Continued table. one
    The central tensile stress is measured by the method of scattered light, in which a helium-neon laser beam is directed through the edge of the glass and the path differences in the first 20-30 mm of the glass surface are measured to obtain the average central tensile stress. on this stretch of glass. Surface compressive stress is measured using a differential surface refractometer.
    The change in air pressure has an effect on the velocity of the jets and / and alkvini oxide at the exit of the nozzles and on the relative volume of voids in each stream, which is presented in Table 2, which shows the results for strengthening glass sheets with a thickness of 2.3 and 3 mm, which are heated to a preliminary quenching temperature of 650 ° C.
    table 2
    4.34
    8.74
    10.1
    11.73
    52 66 68 72
    56 75 80 84
    312
    These results show how an increase in the pressure of the supplied air from 0.035 to 0.276 MPa leads to a velocity increase of the jet of particles at the exit of the nozzles from 1.12 to 2.3 m / s. The relative volume of voids is in the range of 0.533-0.714. The mass flow rate of α-alumina in each jet increases from 4.34 to 11.73 g / s. The jets retain their integrity and hit the glass surface before their trajectories evenly curve downwardly, so that perpendicular to the glass surface the composition of the impact velocity of each jet into the glass is not much less than the measured value on the glass. out of the nozzles. This component is preferably equal to at least 1 m / s, and in order to avoid damage to the glass, the component that is perpendicular to the surface of the glass, as it were, should preferably not exceed 5m / s.
    At a higher glass temperature, for example, a slightly higher degree of hardening was obtained. For example, the central tensile stress in a glass sheet 3 mm thick at a pressure of 0.276 MPa of air supplied to the pipes 49 was 87 MPa. Under the same conditions, the central tensile stress in a 2.3 mm thick sheet was 75 MPa.
    It is imperative that in the hot and therefore, in the animal state, the surfaces of the glass are not damaged as a result of too high a speed of the granular material striking these surfaces. It has been found that a suitable upper speed limit is 5 m / s.
    The distance between the ends of the nozzles can be approximately 50-60 mm. With increasing distance, the degree of hardening of the glass sheet, ceteris paribus, decreases.
    This was shown by changing the distance between the nozzles from 60 to 200 mm with the hardening of a sheet of glass 2.3 mm thick heated to, at a pressure of 0.172 MPa air supplied to the pipe 49.
    The results are shown in Table. 3
    142
    Table 3

    Changing the distance between the nozzles in the range of about 120-60 mm gives another good way to change the speed of the jets at the place of their impact on the glass and, therefore, the changes in the stresses created in the glass.
    A distance between the nozzles of 200 mm is sufficient for 80-90% of conventional curved glass sheets for car windscreens and for 95% of conventional glass sheets for rear and side windows of the car.
    Example 2. As a fluidized material, take the hydroxide aln 1ini (At. O), having the following properties:
    Bulk weight of particles, g / cm3 2.45
    The range of particle sizes, mkm20-160
    The average particle size, μm86
    Several sheets of glass of different thickness are heated before and then a stream of alumina trihydrate is fed to them under the following conditions:
    Air pressure,
    supplied to pipes 49, MPa0,172
    Jet speed on
    Out of nozzles, m / s 1.77
    Mass flow of
    each nozzle, g / s
    Relative volume
    voids in each stream 0.68
    The degree of reinforcement of glass sheets with a thickness of 1.1-12 mm is shown in Table A.
    Table 4
    These results show that when using alumina trihydrate, an increase in air pressure j supplied to pipes 49 from 0.035 to 0.276 MPa leads to an increase in the exit velocity from the nozzles from 1.13 to 2.51 m / s. The relative volume of voids is in the range of 0.66-0.736. The mass flow rate of alumina trihydrate. In each jet increases from 5.65 to 12.44 g / s, the jets have the same shape as in Example 1.
    At a higher temperature, for example 670 C, glass in a sheet with a thickness of 3 mm with a pressure of supplied air of 0.276 MPa was obtained. Continuation of the table. four
    Table 5
    5 o
    five
    A higher central tensile stress of 87 MPa.
    Froze At the same location and dimensions of the nozzles, a mixture of 95% by volume of oxide trihydrate (from example 2) with 5% by volume of sodium bicarbonate was used to strengthen the glass sheets with a thickness of 2.3 mm and overall dimensions of 300-300 mm. Sodium bicarbonate had an average particle size of 70 µm and a density of 2.6 g / cm. Higher stresses are obtained than when hardened by alumina trihydrate alone.
    The results are presented in Table. 6
    Table 6
    Under the same conditions, even higher stresses were obtained in a 3 mm thick sheet, as shown in Table 2. 7
    Example 5: With the order in which nozzles were arranged in Examples 1-3, the granular material used for thermal hardening of a 2.3 mm thick glass sheet was Filillite powder containing hollow glass spheres of pulverized ash. from energy boilers and having the following characteristics:
    Material density
    g / cm3,6
    Bulk weight of particles
    g / sm3.38
    Size range
    particles, mkm15-200
    The average size
    particles mkm80
    That b-person 7
    Example4. The order of the nozzles is similar to that used in examples 1-3, but the diameter of the nozzle opening is 2 mm. The trihydrate-alumina used is the same as Example 2.
    The 2.3 mm thick glass sheets were heated before and then quenched with streams of alumina trihydrate.
    Working conditions and the results obtained are presented in Table. eight.
    Table 8
    The supply air pressure was adjusted so as to obtain Phyllit jets, a speed of 1.4 m / s at the exit of the nozzles and a relative volume of voids of 0.76.
    The 2.3 mm thick sheet is heated to 650 ° C before quenching, and the central tensile stress in the reinforced glass sheet is 58 MPa.
    EXAMPLE 6 With the same arrangement as in Examples 1-3, the arrangement of nozzles uses a granular material - zircon sand, which has the following characteristics:
    Bulk weight of particles
    , 6
    Particle size range, µm Average particle size, 1km
    " four"
    Fig. I shows a device for thermally strengthening glass sheets, side view (partially in section); FIG. 2 is the same front view (partially in section); in fig. 3 - the same, top view; in fig. 4 - a variant of the proposed device, a vertical section; in fig. 5 is a variant of the proposed device for thermal strengthening of a horizontal glass sheet, vertical section; in fig. 6 shows a modification of the device according to the invention, which contains a reinforcing fluid bed; Fig, 7 is a variant of the proposed device, vi side (partly in section).
    As shown in FIG. 1–3, a sheet of west soda glass, which in the illustrated embodiment has a rectangular shape, but can be cut out in the form of a windscreen, side or rear window of a car, is suspended in the usual way by means of a suspension mechanism — the suspension device 3 suspended from the rod 4 of the gripping device. The rod 4 is suspended from a lifting rope 5 of a lifting device 6 of a known type, which is installed under the roof of a vertical furnace 7 of known construction. The lifting rope 5 passes through the sleeves 8 in the roof of the furnace 7, the vertical direction of the gas 9 also passes through the roof of the furnace, along which the rod 4 of the gripping device moves. In the lower part of the furnace 7 there is an opening 10 that can be closed by hydraulic doors 11c
    123214210
    The results of the hardening of glass sheets with a thickness of 2.3 mm are presented in Table. 9.
    Table 9
    driven. The furnace is mounted on a platform 12, above which a frame 13 is provided, carrying a lifting device 6. A platform 12 is installed at the top of a vertical frame 14 rising from the floor 15.
    The two vertical feed boxes 16 and 17 each have a nozzle group 18 and 19, respectively. Box 16 and
    17 attached to the frame 14, and between the outlet ends of the nozzles formed by the treatment area for the sheet 1 glass. The nozzles 18 and 19 of each group are arranged in a staggered order on the vertical inner surface of the respective supply boxes 16 and 17, having a rectangular cross-section and extending vertically downward from the outlet ends of the pipes 20 and 21, extending from the bottom of the vertical pipelines 22 and 23, containing granular material to be fed in a fluidized state to the nozzles
    18 and 19.
    The pipes 20 are porous. Through the pores, air is supplied from the pressure chamber 24. Compressed air is supplied to the pressure chamber 24 from the compressed air line 25 (gas supply source). Near the bottom of the conduit 22, air is introduced through a porous leveling pipe 26 to fluidize the granular material. The pipe 26 is connected via a pressure regulator 27 to a compressed air line 25. Similarly, air is compressed from line 25 from the pressure chamber 28 through the pores 29 of the pipe 21 into the porous spray pipe 30.
    eleven
    In order to feed the granular material into the upper part of the conduit 22, where the particles fall through the fine filter 31, a recycling transport system is provided, which will be described below. The falling granular material captures air in the upper part of the vessel, which, together with air from pipe 20, effectively liquefies particles in the vessel. This effect is enhanced by supplying air at a controlled pressure through the spray pipe 26 to the pipe 22 and through the pores of the pipe 20 to create a balanced fluidization system in order to ensure the fluidity of the particles in the upper part of the vertical feed box 16.
    The height of the column of granular material in the pipe 22 of the nozzles 18 provides a hydrostatic head when particles are fed to the nozzles 18. For any particular nozzle group, this head helps to control the jet ejection rate from the nozzles 18 in the direction of the glass to be strengthened.
    The opposite nozzle group 19 is similarly supplied with a stream of granular material from the vertical duct 17, which is directed downward from the pipe 21. A fine filter 32 is provided at the top of the pipeline 23. The usual level of the column of granular material in the vessel is indicated by the position 33.
    In each of the vertical feed ducts 16 and 17 there are several porous tubes 34, for example, from
    porous sintered metal. The tubes 34 pass horizontally through the box behind and near the nozzles and are located in several places in each box evenly distributed vertically. The position of the pipes 34 can be adjusted by moving them horizontally towards or away from the nozzle entrances. The one end of each pipe 34 is connected (on the outside of the box in which the pipe is located) to the switching valve 35, for example, a spool type, first inlet which is connected via a pressure regulator 36 to the compressed air line 25, and the second inlet is connected to a vacuum system 37. The operation of the spool valve is controlled by a time relay 38.
    3214212
    In the illustrated embodiment, six porous tubes 34 are provided, and a time relay 38 is controlled by an electronic controller
    5 of a known type, which controls the sequence of the gas supply from the line 25 to the pipes and the suction of the gas from the pipes to the vacuum system 37.
    10 When pipes 34 are connected via valves 35 to compressed air line 25, additional air is supplied to the stream of liquefied particles falling along
    15 vertical boxes. The pressure in the stream of fluidized particles at the nozzle entrances is defined as the height of each pit of the layer, indicated by levels of 33 pillars granular.
    20 th material. The pressure at the inlets to the nozzles determines the rate at which jets eject from nozzles 18 and 19 towards the surface of the glass sheet. In the upper part of each inlet, the 25 shed boxes 16 and 17, i.e. in the zone
    the entry of a flow of granular material into each duct, a porous pipe 39 is located, connected through a slide valve 40
    3Q with compressed air line 25 and with a vacuum system 37.- Valve 40 is controlled by a time relay 41.
    Each of the pipelines 22 and 23 is assigned a vertical disk conveyor 42 and 43, respectively. A conveyor 42 leads upwardly from the hopper 44 to the discharge pipe 45, which is located above the open top of the pipeline 22. The bunker 44 is located below the loading end of the slide 46, which is fixed at a slight angle to the horizontal and located at some distance from one of the sides of the collecting tank 47 for taking granny40
    that material, crossing over the upper edge of the tank 47. The conveyor 43 leads upwards from the hopper 48 to the outflow pipe 49, located Bbmie the top of the supply vessel. The hopper 48 is located under the loading end of the airway 50, which is also fixed, as shown in FIG. 1, at a slight angle to the horizontal, and receives the granular material from the other upper edge of the tank 47.
    Bunkers 44 and 48 have coarse filters 51 and 52, through which the granular material falls from the load 13 .1
    zalnye ends of air skylzov 46 and 50.
    The working cycle of the thermal hardening of a glass sheet is as follows.
    First, the compressed air supply to the porous pipes 26 and 30 at the lower end of the pipes 22 and 23 and to the pipes 20 and 21 is regulated. Due to this, the supply mass in the pipes 22 and 23 is maintained in the ready state. A vacuum is connected to the porous tubes 34 and 39. Gas suction through pipes 39 is carried out to seal the granular material in the exit zone of the pipes 20 and 21 and stop the flow of granular material from the moving mass of liquefied granular material in the pipelines. Gas suction through pipes 34 eliminates any seepage of granular material through nozzles 18 and 19. Open doors 11 in the lower part of the furnace and lower the gripping rod 4 with a lifting device to allow suspension by means of gripping the glass sheet 1 to be hardened.
    Using the lifting device 6, the pick-up bar is then raised to the position in the furnace shown in FIG. 1 and 2, and close the doors 11 of the furnace. The glass sheet is left in the furnace for a time sufficient to heat it to a temperature close to its softening temperature, for example 620-680 ° C, by means of radiation from electric heaters in the walls of the furnace. When the glass sheet reaches the required temperature, the doors in the lower part of the furnace open and quickly lower the sheet at a constant speed into the vertical treatment area between the nozzles 18 and 19. The dynamic braking mechanism in the lifting device 6 ensures a quick deceleration of the sheet when it reaches the position shown in FIG. . 1 and 2 by dash-dotted lines, between the nozzle groups -18 and 19.
    If it is necessary to obtain curved reinforced glass sheets, bending dies can be placed between the furnace and the treatment area in a known manner.
    After stopping the glass sheet in the treatment area, time relays 41 actuate the switching clamps; pans 40 who switch pipes
    32142, 14
    39 from vacuum to the compressed air supply. At the same time, the time relay 38 associated with the lowermost pipes 34 switches the lowermost ones
    5 switching valves 35 from vacuum to compressed air supply, as a result of which liquefaction begins at the bottom of the ducts 16 and 17 of the granular material. In accordance with
    10 switching sequence
    continue to quickly switch to the line 25 of compressed air the remaining valves 35.
    Granular material in boxes 16
    15 and 17 instantly becomes mobile. Since the flow of aerated granular material from pipelines 22 and 23 is no longer delayed by sucking gas through pipes 39, immediately
    20, a hydrostatic head comes into play and the jetting of particles from the nozzle groups towards the surfaces of the glass sheet begins.
    At the end of the hardening period, during which the glass sheet is cooled significantly below its deformation temperature and stresses develop in it as cooling continues to ambient temperature, the time relay control causes time relays 38 and 41 to switch valves 35 and 40 per vacuum5, which ensures the overlapping of the flow to the nozzles by compacting the granular material in the ducts 16 and 17 behind the nozzles and in the exit zone of each air vent.
    The mobility of the material in the conduits is maintained. After blocking the flow of granular material by sucking gas through the pipes 39, the pipes 34 can be connected to the atmosphere, if the material that has already settled in the boxes 16 and 17 is not flowing, it can flow through the bottom nozzles of both groups.
    FIG. 4 shows another option.
    the proposed device. I
    The two reservoirs 53 and 54, containing a 50 Å Schle fluidized granular material, have perforated side walls 55 and 56. Nozzle groups 18 and 19 extend from these side walls. The distance between the ends of the nozzles is 55 mm, and processing between the ends of the nozzles lowered sheet 1 glass, subject to thermal hardening.
    35
    40
    Liquefied particles are supplied from the mass of fluidized material in tanks 53 and 54 to each of the nozzles 18 and 19.
    The porous membrane 57 at the bottom of the tank 53 forms the overlap of the pressure chamber 58, to which the fluidizing air is supplied through the supply pipe 59. The top of the tank 53 is closed by a roof 60, which has an inlet 61, connected to a filling pipe 62 equipped with a valve 63. The granular material is squeezed into tank 53 through pipe 62 when valve 63 is closed. A duct is connected to the opening in the roof 60, having a valve 64, by means of which the upper space in the tank 53 can be connected either to the injection line 65 or to the line 66 to the atmosphere.
    Another hole 67 is attached to the hole in Klesh 60 near the side wall 55 of tank 53, which forms an outlet over that part of the fluidized bed in tank 53, which is separated from the main part of the bed by a septum 68 that extends downward from the krysh 60. above the porous membrane 57 of the reservoir. Excess fluidizing air is released into the atmosphere through pipe 67.
    At the bottom of the tank 54 there is a porous membrane 69 through which air is supplied to fluidize from the pressure chamber 70 having its own air supply 71. To power the nozzles 19, a stream of aerated particles is fed from the tank 54 under the bottom of the partition 68. After
    filling in both tanks 53 and 54 a suitable amount of selected granular material, the valves 63 close and through the valves 64 connect the discharge lines 65 to the air ducts, which creates pressure above the fluidized beds in the tanks 53 and 54. The pressure of the fluidizing air supplied to the pressure chambers 58 and 70 by air inlets 59 and 71, such that the grain material in the tanks 53 and 54 is in a suitable fluidized state despite the pressure shown by arrows 72, which is maintained in the upper the space above the fluidized bed.
    By adjusting the pressure of the fluidizing air supplied through the air passages 59 and 71, depending on the pressure maintained
    The upper surfaces of the fluidized feed layers control the pressure in the flow of aerated particles flowing to the nozzle groups 18 and 19 to ensure that the jets of particles are ejected towards the surfaces of the glass at a speed that ensures the integrity of the streams on their way to the glass surface. Turning on the air supply is controlled in the same way as it is done.
    in the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 1-3.
    The granular material released through the nozzles 18 and 19 is collected and served in a separate collection, from where
    At the right time, it is returned to the pipes 62 of the tanks 53 and 54.
    The use of bulkheads 68 allows for the level of fluidized bed material in tanks 53
    and 54 to fall without prejudice to the resulting reinforcement effect, since in the upper space above the surface of the fluidized material in the tanks 53 and 54 a constant pressure is maintained. The release of gas through the pipes 67 helps to regulate the pressure in the flow of aerated particles fed to the nozzles.
    FIG. Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the invention suitable for the thermal strengthening of a horizontally supported sheet of glass.
    Horizontally disposed feed boxes 73 and 74, containing fluidized granular material, have upper and lower horizontal nozzle groups 18 and 19, respectively.
    The nozzles 18 protrude downward from the lower surface of the inlet duct 73, and the nozzles 19 protrude upward from the upper surface of the inlet duct 74. Between the ends of the nozzles are formed
    horizontal area for processing glass sheet.
    A vertical vessel 75 is connected to the upper inlet box 73 through its upper surface, and a vessel 75 is connected to the lower inlet box 74. Porous pipes 76 are connected to each of the boxes 73 and 74.
    At the bottom of the vessel 75, additional porous tubes 77 and 78, are installed. the pipe 78 is connected by paraplenb with pipes 75 of the inlet duct 74.
    Before the processing of the glass sheet, vacuum is connected to the pipes 76. The vacuum is also connected to the pipe 78 at the bottom of the vessel 75. In this way, the granular material in the supply boxes 73 and 74 is kept in a compacted state. To the pipe 77 in the lower part of the vessel 75, the air supply is continuously supplied, so that the granular material is in the aerated state, i.e. in a state of readiness.
    A sheet of glass, heated to the pre-tempering temperature, is placed on the frame 79 and moved to the horizontal treatment area. Air is then supplied to the pipes 76 in the upper duct 73 and to the pipes 76 and the pipe 78 in the lower duct 74.
    The liquefaction of the granular material in the boxes 73. and 74 is such that the strengthening effect of the granular material ejected down through the nozzles 18 onto the upper surface of the glass sheet is essentially the same as the strengthening effect of the granular material ejected up through the nozzles 19 in the direction of the bottom surface of the glass sheet.
    FIG. 6 shows another modification of the device proposed, similar to FIG. 1, in which, during reinforcement, the inlet ducts 16 and 17 are in a fluidized bed of granular material, in which a hot sheet, glass, is lowered. The jets are ejected from the nozzles into the fluidized bed at a rate that ensures the integrity of each jet on its way through the fluidized bed in the direction of the glass.
    The nozzle groups 18 and 19 and the flow of fluidized granular material are the same as those described in FIG. 1-3.
    On the floor 15, inside the frame 14, a pivot-parallelogram lift table 80 is installed, surrounded by a corrugated cover 81. Table 80 is shown by dash-dotted lines in the lowered: N position. On table 80, there is a container 82 for a fluidized bed of granular material, the same as

    0
    5 o
    Q
    five
    five
    0
    five
    served to nozzles 18 and 19. The container has a rectangular shape in horizontal section and is open at the top. The bottom of the container is formed by a porous membrane 83. This porous membrane 83 is also the overlap of the pressure chamber 84.
    The pressure chamber 84 is divided by partitions into three parts, the middle of which has its own air duct and is located under the treatment zone, and the two external parts have a common air outlet. Air is supplied to the middle part of the pressure chamber under higher pressure than to the outer parts.
    The porosity of the membrane 83 is such that it provides a large perbpad pressure in the flow of air through the membrane. The pressure of the air supplied to the middle part of the pressure chamber is such that the middle part of the fluidized bed in the container 82 is in a stationary (quiet) uniformly expanded state of fluidization of the granular material. The amount of granular material initially contained in container 82 is such that when the air for fluidization is supplied to the pressurized chamber 84, the level of the fixed surface of the fluidized bed is half the height of the container.
    Cooling tubes (not shown) can be installed in the container near its side walls to maintain the fluidized bed at a suitable quenching temperature, for example 60-80 ° C.
    The actuation lift table 80 lifts the container 82 from a lower position to an upper one, shown by solid lines. At the same time, the vertical inlet ducts 16 and 17 are immersed in the fluidized bed and the fluidized material is displaced to such an extent that it, after filling the container, can be slightly poured through the upper edge of the container.
    In order to receive a granular material that is poured over the top edge of the container into collection trays 85, on one side of the container 82 at some distance from it there is a corner 46. Four trays 85 are attached to the container, which together surround the entire top edge of the container. Two other precast trays 85 unload 19-1
    air trays 50. Each of the trays goes down to the neck 86, to which the chute 87 is hinged. When raising or lowering the containers 82, the gutters 87 tilt up, and when the container is raised, they are lowered into position above the air slides 46 and 50.
    The operation cycle is similar to that described for the variant shown in Figures 1-3. After the oven doors 11 are closed during the heating of the hanging glass sheet, the lifting table is operated to lift the container. Gutters 87 Fold upward so that they do not enclose air tanks 46 and 50. As soon as table 80 starts to rise, conveyors 42 and 43 are started. After the container is understood in the upper position, turn on the gas supply to the pressure chamber 84.
    The air supplied to the pressure chamber 84 fluidizes the granular material in the container 82, and in the treatment zone between the nozzle groups, the granular material passes into a quiet uniformly loosened fluidization state.
    Then the doors 11 of the furnace open and quickly lower a hot sheet of glass at a constant speed into the treatment area. Immediately after the bottom edge of the glass sheet passes down through the horizontal fixed upper surface of the fluidized granular material, air is connected to the porous tubes 34 and to the vacuum system 37. The liquefied granular material flows from pipes 22 and 23 to the nozzles at a pressure that provides the release of coherent (matched in time) jets of granular material in the direction to the sheet of glass through calmly fluidized material in the processing zone.
    The granular material poured over the top edge of the container is returned again to conduits 22 and 23 in order to maintain static surface levels of the fluidized bed layers.
    The calm fluidized bed itself in container 82 provides the glass with some background voltage level, and the action of jets passing through it from nozzles that reach the glass surfaces and increase the local mixing of the granular material.
    4220
    on glass surfaces, increases the heat transfer from the glass surfaces and provides a more uniform pattern of glass stress than that created by jets of granular material alone.
    FIG. 7 shows another proposed device for bending and strengthening glass sheets,
    g
    The dp designations of the same or similar parts are the same as in FIG. 1-3, item numbers.
    The furnace 7 is located in the lower part of the device, and bend the neck 10 of the furnace bending dies 88 and 89 are installed.
    The inlet ducts 16 and 17 of the respective groups of nozzles 18 and 19 are the lower sections of the vertical ducts, the upper sections of which form pipelines.
    The liquefaction of the granular material in the upper supply sections of the ducts is carried out by means of two pairs of porous tubes 26. One pair of tubes 26 are installed at about half the height of each upper section. The bottom pair of pipes 26 is installed at the lower end of the upper section. Each pair of pipes 26 is connected via a pressure regulator 27 to a compressed air line 25. The continuous supply of compressed air to the pipes 26 maintains the supply mass of the granular material in a liquefied state, i.e. in a state of readiness.
    At the upper end of each of the lower sections, just above the nozzle groups 18 and 19. A bundle of three porous tubes 39 is installed, connected in parallel with a switching valve controlled by a time relay 41. One inlet to the valve is directly connected to the vacuum line 37. The other inlet to the valve is connected via a pressure regulator to the compressed air line 25.
    In each of the lower sections, there are ten vertically spaced porous tubes 34 connected in pairs with switching valves 35, controlled by a time relay 38 and having inputs connected directly to the vacuum line 37, and inputs connected through pressure regulators 36 to the line 25 compressed air.
    The device operates like a device shown in FIG. 1-3.
    Connecting the vacuum to the bundles of three tubes 39 in the exit zone from the upper supply sections and vertical ducts serves to force the granular material in these zones to maintain the above aerated supply masses of the material until the material flow is required.
    The hot sheet 1 is lifted from the furnace to the bending position between the dies 58 and 59 and the dies are closed on the sheet. After the dies are opened, the still hot sheet is raised to the position shown in the treatment area between the nozzle groups 18 and 19.
    A tray for collecting the granular material is pushed under the nozzle groups, after which compressed air is connected to the pipes 39 by means of valves. This causes the release of the feed masses of aerated granular material in the upper sections and the creation of a falling material flow in the vertical ducts, which feeds jets ejected from the nozzles as a result of
    sequential connection of compressed air to the pipes 34, which starts when the time relay 41 actuates the valve.
    In each of the options round
    the cross-sectional shape of the nozzles can be changed, for example, the section can be oval.
    The invention provides the possibility of obtaining thermally hardened glass sheets with high values of central tensile stress and commensurate high values of surface compressive stress. The central tensile stress is an indication of the high strength of the toughened glass.
    4S
    fil1
    Fig2
    22
    „
    77
    6
    Compiled by T. Bukley Editor N. Kishtulinets Tehred V. Kadar
    З1к1з 2665 / 6о Circulation 457 Subscription
    VNIIPI State Committee CLC.f
    for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5
    Production
    .-printing company, Uzhgorod, Projecto st., 4
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1. A method of hardening glass by heating and subsequent cooling of both of its surfaces with a granular material in a fluidized state obtained by supplying gas to a layer of material, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the glass, granular fluidized material is supplied to the glass by flows, the parameters of which are controlled by extraction gas from fluidized granular material or additional gas supply to it along the path of the material in the stream.
    [2]
    2. The method of pop. 1, characterized in that the switching from gas extraction to supplying it to the material stream is carried out immediately before cooling begins.
    [3]
    3. The method of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the switching from extraction to gas supply and vice versa is carried out selectively by the height of the glass.
    [4]
    4. A device for hardening glass, including a furnace for heating glass, a box with granular material and means for its fluidization with a pressure regulator connected to a gas supply source, a glass suspension mechanism and an additional gas supply, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the glass, it is equipped with a vacuum system and an additional box located opposite the main one with the formation of a glass processing zone between them, and each box is made with nozzles on the surface facing the processing zone, and means fluidization is in the form of porous tubes which are connected through a time relay valves and gas inlet and a vacuum system.
    Priority on points: 01.02.82 according to claims 1 and 2 11.10.82 according to claims 3 and 4.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU1232142A3|1986-05-15|Method of hardening glass and device for effecting same
    US3630852A|1971-12-28|Pollution-free discharging and quenching apparatus
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    CN201764828U|2011-03-16|short-flow conveying apparatus for preheating scrap steel
    US4194898A|1980-03-25|Method and apparatus for treatment of articles in a fluidized bed
    US3364053A|1968-01-16|Method of coating articles
    US2521591A|1950-09-05|Apparatus for converting crushed material
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    US3438681A|1969-04-15|Method and apparatus for handling particulate matter
    CN1071608C|2001-09-26|Device for controlling a flow of liquid steel from a ladle to a continuous casting distributor
    US2763479A|1956-09-18|Apparatus for sintering ores and the like
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    US5748479A|1998-05-05|Method of neutralizing hot inclusions present in a web of mineral wool and apparatus for carrying out the method
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK40583A|1983-08-02|
    LU84622A1|1983-09-08|
    FR2520724A1|1983-08-05|
    PT76169B|1985-11-11|
    ES519431A0|1984-02-01|
    TR22089A|1986-03-01|
    CS238388B2|1985-11-13|
    GB2115402B|1986-01-02|
    ES519430A0|1984-01-16|
    AR229793A1|1983-11-30|
    DD206774A5|1984-02-08|
    CS238638B2|1985-12-16|
    NZ203135A|1986-01-24|
    FI830271L|1983-08-02|
    DK40583D0|1983-02-01|
    AU1063483A|1983-08-11|
    GB8301361D0|1983-02-23|
    RO86966B1|1985-05-31|
    IT8367103D0|1983-01-31|
    AU552963B2|1986-06-26|
    RO86966A2|1985-05-20|
    IT8367102D0|1983-01-31|
    GR81319B|1984-12-11|
    BR8300464A|1983-11-01|
    IT1162814B|1987-04-01|
    DE3303318A1|1983-08-11|
    SE8300394L|1983-08-02|
    FR2520724B1|1992-02-07|
    SE8300393D0|1983-01-26|
    US4494972A|1985-01-22|
    ZW1883A1|1983-06-01|
    US4511384A|1985-04-16|
    NL8300161A|1983-09-01|
    GB2115402A|1983-09-07|
    AU552748B2|1986-06-19|
    FR2520725A1|1983-08-05|
    FI72958C|1987-08-10|
    LU84623A1|1983-09-08|
    NL8300160A|1983-09-01|
    IN157097B|1986-01-18|
    BR8300463A|1983-11-01|
    NO830266L|1983-08-02|
    FI830272A0|1983-01-26|
    FI830272L|1983-08-02|
    FI72957C|1987-08-10|
    DE3303268A1|1983-08-11|
    FI72957B|1987-04-30|
    IT1159974B|1987-03-04|
    ES8402240A1|1984-02-01|
    US4493723A|1985-01-15|
    SE8300393L|1983-08-02|
    ES8402239A1|1984-01-16|
    FI830271A0|1983-01-26|
    FI72958B|1987-04-30|
    PT76169A|1983-02-01|
    CH662806A5|1987-10-30|
    PL240369A1|1983-10-10|
    SE8300394D0|1983-01-26|
    AU1063383A|1983-08-11|
    CA1199179A|1986-01-14|
    CA1199178A|1986-01-14|
    YU21883A|1986-02-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US1971268A|1931-07-24|1934-08-21|American Securit Co|Process of and apparatus for tempering glass sheets|
    GB441017A|1934-07-10|1936-01-10|Pilkington Brothers Ltd|Improvements in and relating to the tempering of glass sheets|
    GB449864A|1934-10-03|1936-07-03|Harold Perry|Improved method of tempering glass|
    GB449602A|1934-10-03|1936-07-03|Harold Perry|Improved method of, and means for, tempering glass|
    US2223124A|1938-07-19|1940-11-26|Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co|Method and apparatus for bending and case hardening glass sheets|
    US2670573A|1950-02-13|1954-03-02|Jr Frederick W Sullivan|Thermal treatment of ceramic objects|
    US3423198A|1965-06-14|1969-01-21|Permaglass|Method for tempering glass utilizing an organic polymer gaseous suspension|
    BE791190A|1971-11-10|1973-05-10|Ppg Industries Inc|TEMPERED|
    US3883339A|1974-05-07|1975-05-13|Ppg Industries Inc|Method of two stage tempering of glass|
    US4066430A|1976-11-26|1978-01-03|Ppg Industries, Inc.|Method of tempering in a fluidized quenching medium|
    IE47350B1|1977-09-29|1984-02-22|Pilkington Brothers Ltd|Fluidised beds|US20050032464A1|2003-08-07|2005-02-10|Swisher Robert G.|Polishing pad having edge surface treatment|
    US8534096B2|2007-03-28|2013-09-17|Glasstech, Inc.|Quench station and method for formed glass sheet quenching|
    US11097974B2|2014-07-31|2021-08-24|Corning Incorporated|Thermally strengthened consumer electronic glass and related systems and methods|
    US10005691B2|2014-07-31|2018-06-26|Corning Incorporated|Damage resistant glass article|
    US10611664B2|2014-07-31|2020-04-07|Corning Incorporated|Thermally strengthened architectural glass and related systems and methods|
    WO2018015108A1|2016-07-21|2018-01-25|Saint-Gobain Glass France|Nozzle strip for a blowing box for thermally prestressing glass panes|
    CN107056036B|2016-12-30|2019-11-12|常州大学|A kind of physical toughened method of ultra-thin glass and its device systems|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB8202768|1982-02-01|
    GB8229004|1982-10-11|
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